Joe Uknavage, Jr. and the Civil Conservation Corps, CCC

 

In 1936 my dad, Joe Uknavage, was sixteen years old, living with his parents and younger brother in Royalton, Illinois, a poverty stricken coal mining town hit hard by the Depression. He signed up for the Civil Conservation Corps despite their rule that a man must be 18 years old, and soon was sending $25 a month home to his mother, of the $30 he was paid. That was mandated by the CCC rules.

 

 

 

 

 

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work relief program that gave millions of young men employment on environmental projects during the Great Depression. From its inception in 1933 until it was disbanded when the United States became involved in WWII on December 7, 1941, more than 2.5 million men had served in more the 4,500 camps across the country. They had planted over 3 billion trees, combated soil erosion and forest fires, and occasionally dealt with natural disasters such as hurricanes, floods, and droughts. (Quote: Joseph M. Speakman, 2006)

 

Dad became a man over the next three years, working his way west in CCC camps in Illinois, Minnesota, Idaho, and California, making friends, toughening his body and his mind. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In November of 1937 he was sent home to his mother’s bedside as she lay dying. After giving birth to her fourth child in 1924, Anna Jane Devine Uknavage was advised by her doctor that another pregnancy might kill her. We believe her kidneys were failing. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anna managed that directive until 1937 when she once again found herself pregnant and ill. She died in December of 1937, age 37, leaving a married 22-yr-old daughter, Petrona Tucker, 17-yr-old son Joe,13-yr-old son Bill, and her husband, Joe Uknavage, Sr., age 50. My Dad told me that he prayed and prayed, walked the dirt roads of Wasson, Illinois, begging God to save his mother, and that when she died he lost his faith in God, so angry, so lost. 

 

He returned to the CCC and was in Tulare, California in late 1939. (In researching the CCC online I just discovered that CCC records are being digitalized and made available to family members so I have ordered my dad's. I hope to learn of all the Camps where he worked and when).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Dad’s father, Joe Uknavage, Sr., died on a cold, wet day in February of 1940, in Benton, Illinois, his health eroded by alcoholism, poverty, and loneliness (my opinion). In April when the 1940 federal census was counted Dad was living in Harco, Saline County, Illinois with his Uncle Roy Devine and next door lived Dad’s sister and her husband Reuben Tucker. 

On the census form Dad’s occupation is “Leader in CCC”. Two months later, June 4, 1940, Joe Uknavage joined the US Navy and started training at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station. For the next six years he was a U. S. Navy Sailor, rising in rank from AS to BM1c, Bosun’s Mate First Class. Dad was always proud of his Naval career and before that his participation in the CCC's. In both, his leadership skills brought him success. 

In August, 2016, Joe Uknavage's granddaughter, Rachel, took her son, Simon, then age 6, to visit a memorial site in southern Illinois that featured a monument to the CCC men. She took that opportunity to tell Simon about his Gr-Grandpa Joe's service to our country, building parks, planting trees, clearing waterways. That particular monument did not have Joe Uknavage's name listed but now we know that just north of there near Springfield, in a small town named Meredosia, his Gr-Grandpa Joe was at CCC Camp 2677 in 1938.